Scientists conducted a research on the COVID-19 virus, which was launched in December in Wuhan, China. . The virus has infected more than 60 countries worldwide so far.
Coronaviruses transmitted from humans such as SARS and MERS are different from the common cold, which can cause coronaviruses. Spread to all the human organs. The new variant of the coronavirus, COVID-19, also appears in severe cases. Because COVID-19 is similar to SARS, scientists combined studies on SARS and MERS to explain. From body fluctuations following coronavirus infection.
The lungs
In most of the lungs, COVID-19 is the first organism that the virus begins to infect because of COVID-19, a respiratory disease.
Following the SARS outbreak, the World Health Organization (WHO) has revealed that the disease attacks the lungs in three stages. Viral replication, Immune hyper-reactivity, and pulmonary destruction. But not all patients go through all three stages, only 25% have problems Impaired lungs, a sign in severe cases. As with COVID-19, 82% of the patients had mild symptoms and 18% were more severe.
Matthew B. Frieman, a medical researcher at the University of Maryland, in the United States, has more details on the transmission of the coronavirus. COVID-19 is similar to SARS. In the early stages of infection, COVID-19 will penetrate into two types of lung cells: Mucus-producing cells. Protects lung tissue from the copy agent and prevents the respiratory system from getting dry or called mucus and small hair cells called Cilia Around the mucus eradicates tiny particles (dust or viruses). SARS will destroy Cilia's cells, causing the patient's airways to be filled with dust and water. Therefore, the professor concluded that the COVID-19 virus was also the same as those infected with the COVID-19 virus had both pneumonia. Both sides and shortness of breath and shortness of breath.
In the second stage, the immune system works against the invading virus by sending immune cells to it. In the lungs to eliminate damage and repair lung tissue. When properly processed, the inflammatory process is only in the infected area, but sometimes the immune system works Improper processing can destroy other good cells around. Thus, small pieces of debris will accumulate in the lungs, exacerbating the pneumonia caused by extensive damage from the response. Of the immune system.
In the third stage, lung damage persists, which can lead to impairment of the respiratory system. Although the patient did not die, the patient still had lung damage. According to the World Health Organization, SARS causes a lung that looks like a beehive. On the same COVID-19 virus infection. These holes are triggered by an immune response. In this case, the patient needs to be given oxygen. At the same time, inflammation also causes the membrane of the air sacs and the blood vessels to permeate the lungs Water will affect the oxygen delivery in the blood. In severe cases, the patient may die.
Stomach and intestines
During the outbreak of SARS and MERS, a quarter of patients had diarrhea. But Professor Frieman said there was no clear evidence that the syndrome was an important symptom of COVID-19. This is rarely the case.
When the virus enters the body, it will find cells that can be infiltrated. In the case of SARS and MERS, the virus can enter the cells in the small intestine and small intestine, causing diarrhea. Scientists believe that COVID-19 is a SARS-like receptor that can be found in the lungs and small intestine.
Two studies also found the COVID-19 virus in feces samples that could be transmitted through feces, but no conclusions were reached. Not yet available.
Strong immune response (Blood storm)
The corona virus can affect other systems in the body as a result of the hyperactive immune response.
A 2014 study showed that 92% of MERS patients had at least one lung infection. Common symptoms include increased liver enzymes, decreased white blood cells, decreased Platelet and low blood pressure. In rare cases, severe renal failure and cardiac arrest. Angela Rasmussen, an epidemiologist at Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, said this was not a sign that the virus was spreading in the country. The body, but this could be due to an overgrowth of immune response (Cytokine storm).
The body depends on the immune system when threatened. When infected with the corona virus, the immune system releases cytokines into the lungs, making the body not only resistant to the virus but even Good cells are also destroyed.
"Cytokines storm causes inflammation, which weakens the lungs and allows it to penetrate," Rasmussen added. In air sacs, there is bleeding from the blood vessels.
In severe cases of COVID-19, a strong response to cytokines and a decreased ability to deliver oxygen to the body may result. Weakness of many organs. Scientists do not know the exact cause of the patient's effects other than the lungs, but could be for other reasons Heart disease and diabetes.
Liver
When infected with the coronary virus in the respiratory system, the liver is a vulnerable organ. Doctors found that people infected with SARS MERS and COVID-19 had minimal liver damage, but in more severe cases, Look for severe liver damage and liver failure.
Due to the liver's ability to process blood after blood comes from the stomach, filters out toxins and creates nutrients that the body can use and also helps water Gallbladder in fat breakdown In addition, the liver contains enzymes that stimulate chemical reactions in the body.
When the body has higher levels of enzymes in the blood, this is a warning sign. Most of these symptoms are seen in SARS and MERS patients. Sometimes it is only minor damage that the liver can return to normal or can severely impair the level of the liver.
Scientists have also confirmed that liver failure is not the only cause of death in SARS patients. Sometimes patients with lung and liver problems may also have kidney problems. It will then become a systemic infection.
Kidneys
Six percent of SARS patients and one quarter of MERS patients suffer from severe kidney damage. Studies have shown that the new coronavirus can also cause this effect.
The kidneys are responsible for cleaning the blood and filtering urine. According to the World Health Organization, after the SARS outbreak, viruses have been found in the kidneys that can cause inflammation. .
Former professor at the University of Hong Kong and a nephrologist at the Hong Kong Hospital, Kar Neng Lai, said the discovery of the virus In the kidneys, it is normal if the bloodstream contains the virus because when the kidneys are cleaning blood, the cells in the kidneys Can catch viruses and cause significant damage Little. However, this damage can be fatal if the virus begins to replicate in the cell. But there is no evidence that the SARS virus enters the kidney cells.
He also mentioned that kidney damage in SARS patients may be due to a variety of causes, including high blood pressure, high blood pressure and high blood pressure. (sepsis) drugs or disturbances of metabolism. Severe cases can lead to acute renal failure, sometimes caused by antiviral drugs, multiple organ failure or Long-term use of a ventilator.
Pregnant women and coronavirus
During the outbreak of COVID-19, 30 cases of newborns were infected with the virus. This raises questions that pregnant women can pass to the fetus during or during birth and through No milk. But mother-to-child transmission did not occur during the SARS and MERS outbreaks. Also, babies infected with COVID-19 can be infected because they are infected in a hospital.
A recent study published in The Lancet provided the first evidence that the coronavirus could not be transmitted from the mother You have no children. Scientists investigated a pregnant woman carrying the COVID-19 virus and found that no case had been transmitted to the baby No. Even such studies are not sufficient to establish that there is no infection during pregnancy As such, more careful study of the disease is required.
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